Financial report on bp - Free Essay Example

I have chosen this company because it has a universal image and British petroleum is involved in dirt free cities movement in Europe. BP took very bigger steps for addressing towards type of weather changes which is a major concern in European countries. British petroleum is trying new pioneering new solar and airstream businesses and hygienic technologies of energy and storage space of carbon dioxide from usual remnant fuels. Creating and deliver superior products and services that meet the needs of the society. Attract succeeding age group of people. In this report I have discussed briefly the ratio analysis of British petroleum and what are the issues the companying is facing and how the company can get back to its original position. BACKGROUND British petroleum is large-scale oil and Gas business and well familiar over the world and its main control center is in London, United Kingdom. It is fourth leading in terms of revenue it earns yearly. It has been in service over eighty countries across the world. It produces 3.8 million oil equivalents per day and has various service stations approximately 22,400 across worldwide. The recent development is that BP is not leaving United States as it has too much venture to walk away. Since the damage occurred in the Gulf of Mexico which resulted in eleven staff dead. The company had begun its trust in rebuilding process of national and state government. Huge process has been made to clean up the spills. End of the relief is a vital landmark to repair the gulf coast. The work has not yet done. However is it fully loyal for remedying the harm spill of Mexico and the atmosphere that caused the living of the people. BP is trying its best for precautionary measures such as security and working education facility that support the employees to distribute out of harms way, trustworthy and in charge function which should be the top agenda of the company to discuss in every annual general meeting. Shipping plays a vital role in for security purpose in terms of transportation. Interpretation based on the results obtained from ratio analysis 1. Profit margin: It is the size of the company industrialized and allocation competence during making method. Every company would like their company to gain more profit and should have a huge market share in the world. The profit margin will tell the shareholder the proportion of proceeds left after deducting the price tag of commodities sold. From the calculation obtained shows that there is no loss or gain. For past three years the profit margin has maintained constant in the British petroleum. Boost in manufacture will be ahead of the company anticipated long term enlargement. The main policy of the company will be deliver lucrative growth. The strategic alliance in the United States of two major gas producers will help the company to get back to huge profit if proper coordination and even cooperation like working harmony is necessary for these to gain profit. 2. Assets turn over: It will be the appraise of firms competence in generating sales or income. Companies with small profit periphery will in general have far above the ground asset turned over. Because of this reason the asset turnover is very low in this year as compared to the previous year. 3. Return on assets: It shows how the company is gainful to its total possessions. It will show clearly that how successfully the company will generate the income. Return on asset will tell what income earns from the asset which the company brought. As the calculation obtained shows that the company has not gained but has lost because of no asset turn over. BP expand its fabrication through enhanced equipment and as well as development of other countries. BP concentrated to expand its organization so it acquired more sophisticated equipment which were very expensive. In long run it can gain huge profit. 4. Debtors day: The Company which borrows something from other company is the debtors. From the calculation obtained it has borrowed around 65.8 as compared to 40 the previous year. Borrowing the products is not a good sign for the company. BP faced worst disasters in the past so it takes some time for recycle process. So it has taken very high debts for clearing the spills. 5. Creditors days: The business of giving credit to other company and providing a certain period of time to return back the amount from where the company had brought it. From the results obtained from calculation we can conclude that the company has gained lot of credit which is very high as compared to the previous year. Its not a good sign for the company and shareholder wont invest their funds in that company. 6. Stock days: Lesser the venture in stock is the better for the company. But based on the result obtained from the calculation the company has almost doubled the stock which is not a good prospect. 7. Current ratio: It will correctly give the complete picture of the company whether the company has enough resources to pay the bill yearly. As the figures shows that it is in the positive side and has enough resources to pay back. Current ratio will means volume cost of the existing resources will be accurately equal to the volume cost of the liabilities. Generally the shareholders will look for 2:1 current ratio which means two times the existing property over current liabilities. 8. Quick ratio: It is the indication of company power and limitation. The calculation shows that there are many liquidity assets that can be easily converted into cash. In the current year there is a slight increase in the quick ratio as compared to the previous year. Quick ratio is the summation of the currency, saleable securities and receivables dividend by recent liability. 9. Gearing: It is concerned with the shareholders finance must be larger than the long period sum unpaid. The gearing ratio shows that there is no much change in the recent years. 10. Return on equity: It will show how the company has again invested so that it can get additional income. Other way is what the profit generated given the resources provided by the shareholders. From the results through calculation return on investment is less and has dropped as compared to the previous year. 11. Earnings per share: It shows the quantity of net earnings which relate to per share. Higher the value of earning per share will be better for the company. The company has less earning per share when compared to previous year which is not excellent for the company. We can say in another way like it reveals the company skill to produce profit to owner fairness. 12. Price earning ratio: It is usually calculated to know how expensive the stock may be. Usually the company having lower price earning ratio will be better. But the calculation shows that price earning ratio is slight higher in the current year as compared to previous year which is not healthy symbol for the company. The high Price earnings ratio shows that greater than before order investors look forward to earning expansion in the future. Price earning can also be designed by estimating coming year earning per share in the denominator. 13. Interest coverage ratio: It shows how the company will pay the interest for the debts it has taken. Lower the interest coverage will be better. The calculation shows that it has higher interest coverage than the previous years. It measures the company ability to its interest payments. A far above the ground ratio indicates superior economic physical condition as the company is extra capable of gathering its interest obligation from in service income. If the company has less than one which clearly tells that company has to put up for sale off some assets otherwise move up more equity in sort to pay back a quantity of balance due. 14. Dividend per share: It means whatever the company has earned has to be paid to the shareholder in the form of dividends. Dividends are a form of profit sharing to the investors. As the calculation shows that there is no change in the past years so company is not giving the dividends to the shareholders. Impact of current events One of the worst environmental disaster happened in Gulf of Mexico which tarnished the image of British petroleum. For cleaning the spills the company has to invest huge amount which led to loss in the profit margin and other things like asset turnover were low because of these situation. The financial economy has hit a very low due to the gulf spills of Mexico and the shares of the company has significantly dropped which is not a good thing to happen . The company will find it very difficult to come out of this stage because lot of venture is there in US so it has to convince the US government that the company will take proper measures to clean up the spills as quickly as possible. British petroleum has taken several strategies to cover the well which took them to finish that work for five months. The environmental disaster happens quickly but the company will have to stay positive and do all necessary steps to build the reputation once again. Its not easy to build the image all over again but sincere steps have to be taken by the chairman of the company board of directors and the employees and even investors play a major role in building the same reputation which the company had generated previously. CONCLUSION The Company at the moment is not having good mark on the minds of the people because of recent environmental disaster happened in Gulf of Mexico. But the balance sheet of the third quarter of the current year shows that it has gained profit because its operating in different parts of the world and supplying oil to other part of the world. This shows that it has making study progress and on the road to recovery. The company has alliance with the Amoco Corporation of the United States and Repsol of Spain which are the leading shareholders for supply of gas in Atlantic region and British petroleum made a strategic alliance with these companies keeping in mind and good understanding with these companies help them to have a strong market share in the world. The weakness of the company may be hike in the price of the petrol due to the disaster happened in the Gulf of Mexico so that they can recover financially. Since the company has taken good measures but still there will be leakage in th e pipeline which may occur due to human errors so that may cause life of the people. Like recently occurred in Gulf of Mexico. Processing plant flare-up may also occur which is another possibility these are all the things the company has to face and proper and accurate measures has to be taken such that these situation doesnt not happen again. Recommendations British petroleum has a strong position even after the disaster happened in Mexico. It has alliance with two leading united states gas producer they can recover from this situation. BP is top in the minor country in gas producing and these will also have a major concern for recovery of the company image. The shareholders have to be very tolerant so that they will earn a huge profit from this company. Another major plus point for this company is that other major leading companies of gas producers are fading. So the company will get back to its original position but it takes some time in long term perspective people can invest on this company and the company net income and profit will be increased as the days pass. Another major factor is that more than billion of assets will help the company to recover the debts. Due to these assets it has been fiscally well-built and in good health well thought-out so that it wont be a capture of other company which cant happen because of the assets its having. APPENDIX

Study by Croyle, Weimer and Eisenman on Test Anxiety

Croyle, Weimer and Eisenman (2011) conducted a study examining test anxiety in the contexts of trait and state test anxiety , which differ respectively between determining whether all or specific examinations are viewed as threatening. This study looked at test anxiety and its relationship with self-knowledge variables such as self-esteem and self-efficacy, affect, and test performance within a college student population. The researchers presented their participants with the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) used to measure both state and trait test anxiety . Afterwards students were measured in test performance using percentages from a heavily weighted exam. Other variables were measured with ten item scales from the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The results showed there was a gender difference among the measures where women scored higher in test anxiety with lower scores of self-efficacy and positive affect or emotions than men. Negative correlations of trait anxiety were found between self-efficacy, self-esteem and the TAI scores but not test scores; however, in state anxiety, the test scores were the most significant variable.. The self-knowledge variables were more highly correlated with test anxiety(Croyle, et al., 2011). Onyeizugbo (2010) hypothesized the predictor variables of test anxiety were gender, self-efficacy and trait anxiety. He utilized the General Self-efficacy Scale, State-Trait

A Brief Note On Assisted Suicide And Suicide - 1032 Words

As the semester goes on I need to continually do progress reports to see how far I have grown as a writer. I also need to do progress reports so my manager can see where I am at for my white paper: The Right to Assisted Suicide. At the beginning of the semester I was asked to write a progress report of my writing thus far. During that memo I wrote three goals; to improve my grammar, to add more details to my essays, and fixing mistakes from past essays. White Paper So far I have found all of my sources for my white paper. I have been able to find about five websites for assisted suicide and I have found four websites against assisted suicide. I have talked to a few people about assisted suicide and I am waiting for an expert to call me†¦show more content†¦Listland. Retrieved from http://www.listland.com/top-10-reasons-euthanasia-should-be-legal-everywhere/ This article lists ten reasons why assisted suicide should be legal. 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Method Of Doubt Descartes Essay Example For Students

Method Of Doubt Descartes Essay Descartes Meditations Descartes Cogito Ergo Sum (I am, I exist) argument is a complex one. In many ways, he constructs a convincing argument for the existence of the self, and for the process of the thinking being, the essence of that self. In this meditation on his philosophy, Descartes on numerous attempts tries to convince both the readers, as well as himself, of his theory that we must reject all of our present ideas and beliefs and start from nothing. He believes that the only thing that has any certainty at this point is his own existence as a thinking being. Everything else, which he has learned throughout his entire life and believed in, is to be thrown out because it is not known clearly and distinctly. Descartes method and theory on knowledge was well planned and carefully thought out. It is evident that he spent a great deal of time determining the principles that he would use as determinants for judging whether a specific idea was justified and true. In my opinion, there are some flaws contained in Descartes argument. Among these flaws are Descartes apparent determination to prove his theory on his individual existence in the world and the existence of G-d to backup and prove himself and his theories. At the beginning of meditation two, Descartes is stuck in the middle of nothingness. He has nothing, nothing to believe in and everything around him he regards as false. This is because he cannot believe what he has learned and he is also unable to trust his senses due to the fact that they deceive him. He feels like he is drowning in a whirlpool and cannot reach the top and get out nor can he put his feet on the bottom and stand. Everything in the world at this point he has called into doubt, including himself. Everything that he has ever seen, learned or thought is now external from what he deems to be true and he is beginning his knowledge from non-existence. Descartes although is certain of one thing, nothing (but to be certain of nothing is still to be certain of something?). Descartes is a rational thinker and he rationalizes through his studies that nothing in the world is known. He decided to re-start his belief process and call everything he has ever believed in, into doubt. He is debating complex ideas in his head, changing his mind and objectively making decisions, so his existence in a world has to be a certainty. The fact that he is having these thoughts, whether right or wrong proves mental capacity. Descartes then states with certainty Cogito ergo sum (I am, I exist). This is the first accurate idea that Descartes knows with any conviction, he knows that he is a thinking being. Descartes still does not know what he is, he says but what then am I? A thing that thinks. What is that? A thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, and that also imagines and senses. He is aware of his mental capacity and knows he thinks, deliberates and makes decisions, but he still rejects his body and his senses. O ne major flaw found in Descartes argument is that while critically examining, and then rejecting, mostly everything in the world around him, he maintained that he could prove the existence of G-d, beyond a shadow of a doubt. For thousands of years, people have been trying to prove G-ds existence but he has yet to be successful. It seems to me that Descartes showed a display of arrogance in supposing that he could devise a method of proving the existence of G-d, doing so without a great deal of difficulty. At one point in his discourse on method, Descartes sets out a code of morals, which he plans to abide by. Descartes states that he plans to obey the laws and the customs of my country, constantly holding on to the religion in which, by G-ds grace, I had been instructed from my childhood . It is quite apparent from this passage, that Descartes had accepted and embraced the idea of G-d long before he even began to question it. With this pre-judgement of G-ds existence, he could not p ossibly have made a fair and accurate conclusion as to whether or not G-d really exists. The fact that he was so ready and willing to accept G-ds existence, while being so critical of everything else around him illustrates how careful he was to prove a G-d of power and benevolence. He then used his idea of G-d to explain and justify his existence and everything else he wants to prove as clearly and distinctly in his argument. If Descartes were to have rejected the ideas of G-d and religion, he would have had a much harder time proving his own existence and the existence of elements which he believed to be true. Had this not been the case, I see no way in which Descartes could have come to feel that he had been able to provide such a secure proof of G-d and his own existence. At times, Descartes is unnecessarily critical of many ideas. Descartes clearly states that he perceives it to be quite necessary to question everything in the world around him, and that we should never believe a nything we learn from our senses. In his Discourse, Descartes states I learned not to believe anything to firmly of which I had been persuaded only by example and customs: and thus I little by little freed myself of many errors that can darken our natural light and render us less able to listen to reason. (pg. 15, part 1). In sternly following his philosophies, Descartes must have missed out on many wonderful things in his lifetime. True as it may be, that our senses can sometimes deceive us, those deceptions can be beautiful and powerful things. The feelings we get when looking at a beautiful sunset, or the colours of the leaves changing in the fall are no less important or meaningful to us just because they may not be completely accurate portrayals of reality. I think they are our reality. If at every instance of life we questioned reality and could not just relax and take in the moment, life may not be worth living because happiness would always be questioned. I happen to feel th at many of lifes greatest pleasures are in those things that we can perceive only through our senses. Love and religion are perfect examples of things we appreciate by blind faith and trust without the use of reason. To go through life without knowing and experiencing things such as these, would simply be a shame. One would be missing out on a number of worthwhile experiences if they were to question and doubt everything to the point where they could no longer appreciate lifes simple pleasures. I would like to think that perhaps there are more important things in life than questioning and denouncing everything that one has been told, simply because it may not be based on the most secure knowledge possible. I suggest that Descartes should have substituted I feel, therefore I am for his famous I think, therefore I am. Conceivably our senses are not the most secure basis for knowledge, but they provide us with many wonderful sensations that I personally would not be prepared to give up , simply for the knowledge that I really exist. Possibly not every idea needs to be examined, and subsequently accepted or rejected. Conceivably there is such a thing as gut reaction. What is true for one person is not necessarily true for another. If refusing to question and call into doubt everything that one knows and holds to be important equals remaining ignorant, then I would prefer to be ignorant. I would elect to continue to experience feelings brought upon me by things which I have observed through the use of my senses and instinct, than to appreciate only those few things which can be proved to be absolutely true. A life of obsessional questioning of every single thing imaginable would be incredibly tedious and would wipe out the wonder of enjoyment of invisible joys and gifts of nature. Descartes must have been a very one-dimensional human being and one has to pity him for his lack of ability to enjoy the world around him. On the surface, he appears to be very confident t hat his argument bears validity, but my personal impression is that he was actually very insecure after all. This proves to me that his theories and the manor in which he proves his theories not to be valid and concrete in any definite Philosophy Essays .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 , .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .postImageUrl , .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 , .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:hover , .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:visited , .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:active { border:0!important; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:active , .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01 .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91c69e4a7fdb4afbdc172dc6876bdc01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: English Coursework Essay Thesis

Tensions in Relationships the Dialectical Perspective Essay Example

Tensions in Relationships the Dialectical Perspective Paper The Dialectical Perspective Name Fundamentals of Speech Professor Date The relational dialectics perspective is useful for understanding the ups and downs and sometimes illogical nature of interpersonal relationships. Developed by communication scholars Leslie Baxter, Barbara Montgomery and their colleagues, the dialectical perspective assumes that relationships keep changing. They are not maintained, but rather sustained through changing statuses. There are three sets of tensions that are common in relationships: integration-separation; stability-change; and expression-privacy. The first dialectic identified is integration – separation, more commonly known as autonomy versus connection. This is the tension in a relationship where either partner desires to be independent but also connected. The desire for different levels of autonomy and connection can generate friction in relationships. In the initial phase of the relationship we are like actors in a play trying to please the audience. But we cannot repress who we are for too long. Eventually we have to let our true selves show. An example of this is when a couple is in the beginning stages of the relationship, they are spending all of their time together and all is going fine. As time goes along either partner wants to start doing things independently. He/she wants to hang out with friends and have â€Å"alone time†. This can create tension in the relationship because the partner might not want to be left out. It is very common for the relationship to become strained at this point. It is a contrast from spending great amounts of time together; and either partner can feel betrayed. We will write a custom essay sample on Tensions in Relationships the Dialectical Perspective specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tensions in Relationships the Dialectical Perspective specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tensions in Relationships the Dialectical Perspective specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A solution for this would be for the couple to have an open discussion about the amount of time that they are willing and/or able to devote to each other on a daily basis. In a bonded relationship, both partners must be direct and honest about their expectations and needs. Other examples might be one partner likes to watch football all the time and can be consumed in it and the other hates sports. There needs to be a compromise made so that both partners get equal time at doing what they like to do while enjoying time with each other. Or, one relational partner is a social butterfly and the other is a social hermit. The point is that we do tend to get together with partners who will test our patience and force us to grow through finding ways to co-exist and resolving problems. The second dialectic identified is stability – change, more commonly known as predictability versus novelty. This refers to the tension in a relationship where either party of the relationship wants the stability of a relationship but at the same time wants to be able to enjoy spontaneity. The tension of predictability versus novelty can present itself in a couple of ways. First, many couples struggle to balance the tension between their need for stability and their desire for excitement. Getting tired of doing the â€Å"same old thing† is always going to be an issue in any relationship. Individuals that are involved in a developing relationship become comfortable with knowing what is going to happen next. However, always knowing what is going to happen next can become extremely boring. What can we do to spice up a relationship? We could easily change the routine a little bit. Do something that you don’t normally do together. If you normally don’t go out on dates – then go out on a date. If you normally don’t buy each other gifts – then buy a small gift every once in a while. If you normally don’t vacation – take a vacation together. Now, let us look at the relationship that is always unpredictable. These relationships are just as likely to be in trouble as the predictable ones. As a couple you also need to have stability in your life. What if you never knew where your relationship was headed? Being able to predict the status of your relationship is a good thing. Whichever relationship you have, working towards a healthy balance between predictability and novelty will help to maintain a healthy relationship. Second, in a new relationship, a relational partner will tend to overlook little nuances in the other partner. They will focus on the positive points about each other and look past the behaviors that they don’t like about each other. After time, we have difficulty accepting our partner’s flaws and will try to change them. Think about it this way – Am I acceptable the way I am? For every one thing that we would like to change about our partner, they equally have something that they would like to change about us. We need to learn that we cannot change people. But what we can change is our viewpoint. By changing our viewpoints, we can transform the way we see relationships. The third dialectic identified is expression – privacy, more commonly known as openness versus closedness. This refers to the tensions in a relationship where one party wants to be completely open and share everything with their partner while on the other hand the other partner feels that they should be able to keep some things private and to their selves. If two people in a relationship are different on this count, they will need to work hard and be proactive to manage this tension or this can become a deal breaker. The primary reason that two people in a relationship can’t get along is because of the past. As couples we need to learn to leave the past in the past and move forward into the present. Stay in the present; don’t start a new relationship dragging relational baggage into the new situation. Some people feel that they need to open up to their partner about every aspect of their lives. This is how they signify trust and become one entity; the couple. Others can feel that if they open up too much or reveal too much they may be judged or abandoned. This type of person feels that each person has a right to a certain degree of privacy, therefore, retaining some of his or her individuality. The goal here is to attain some sort of balance and avoid disagreements. These needs should be addressed in a normal tone of voice, without being demeaning or accusatory. In closing, what have we learned? We have learned that these three relational dialectics are simply put, communication. Poor communication is often the root of relationship problems. Neither partner can read the other partner’s mind, so without communication there is no hope for a harmonious relationship. Without communicating, you cannot make fair and balanced agreements about what does and does not work for both of you. Works Cited Beebe, Steven A. , Susan J. Beebe and Diana K. Ivy. Communication Principles For A Lifetime. Boston: Allyn amp; Bacon, 2010. Jennie. Jens Love Lessons. 2011. 05 March 2012 lt;www. jenslovelessons. comgt;. Sutphen, Dick and Carol Morgan. Radical Relationship Resource. n. d. 03 March 2012 lt;http://www. radical-relationship-resource. com/index. phpgt;.

5 Benefits You Can Get From Intramural Sports in College

5 Benefits You Can Get From Intramural Sports in College Many campuses have intramural sports teams - teams that arent eligible for athletic scholarships, arent as competitive as other sports on campus and generally take anyone who wants to join. Like many co-curricular activities, joining an intramural team can take a lot of time and energy - something that tends to be in short supply for busy college students - but if its something you think youd enjoy, it very well could be worth the commitment: A variety of studies have found there are great benefits to playing intramural sports.   1. Intramurals Are an Amazing Stress  Reliever Youll have no shortage of stress in college: exams, group projects, roommate drama, computer problems - you name it. With all that going on, its sometimes hard to fit fun into your calendar. Because intramural competitions have a set schedule, youre practically forced to set aside time to run around with your friends. Even for the most intense of intramural players, a little friendly competition should be a nice change of pace from the classroom and assignment deadlines. 2. They Provide Great Exercise While most college students would like to go to the gym on a regular basis, few actually do. With a predetermined time already in your schedule, your workout is more likely to happen. Youre also held accountable to show up by your teammates. In addition, the time will pass quicker than if you were alone in the gym. And you know that feeling when youre working out and you just want to cut the gym session short? You cant quite do that during a game. Team sports are a great way to push yourself - that can be hard to do when youre working out alone.   3. Theyre a Great Way to Meet People You may be getting used to seeing similar people in the courses for your major, in your residence hall or at the events you go to on campus. Intramurals can be a great way to meet students that you may not otherwise run into. In fact, you dont necessarily need to know anyone to join an intramural team, so signing up can quickly expand your social circle. 4. There Can Be Leadership  Opportunities Every team needs a captain, right? If youre looking to build your resume or test out your leadership skills, intramural teams can be a great place to start. 5. Its One of the Few Things Youll Do Just for Fun A lot of things you do in college probably have very specific goals and purposes: taking a class to meet a requirement, doing an assignment to get good grades, working to pay for school, etc. But you dont need to assign a purpose to intramural sports. After all, its flag football - youre not making a career out of it. Join a team because itll be fun. Go out and play just because you  can.

Causes and Consequences of World War I

Belief in inevitability of war and advocacy of war to become supreme major cause for WW1. 5. Anglo-german naval rivalry Britain was supreme at sea and was challenged by germany. Britain couldnt accept this. The rivalry culminated in WW1. 6. Absence of international organisation Concert of europe was informal group of nations aftr napoleans defeat but couldnt control its member and didnt represent the entire free world. The system of pacific settlement of international disputes set up by the hague conference was unsatisfactory. And couldnt contain imperial rivalries. 7. Negative role of the press in creating war psychology despite attempts of governments to normalise their relations. 8. Autrian and serbian rivalry Austria-hungary wanted access to sea at the cost of slav territories and serbia represented slav nationalism. The two had contradictory aims. This led to a conflict of interest and was encouraged by the russian czar as well building grounds for war. 9. Personal ambitions of leader. Kaiser william II of germany, austra-hungary, russian leaders(czar and his wife). 10. The Sarajevo incident Annexation of bosnia-herzegovina by austria in 1908, 2 balkan wars, italian annexation of tripolo ,moroccan crisis along with the japanese threat to peace in the background, the assassination of the crown price of austria-hungary, archduke franze ferdinand with his wife in sarajevo june,1914 was a direct cause for WW1. Consequences The results of the great war were almost as numerous as its causes. By the end of the world war in 1918, american president woodrow wilson proposed peace and made a statement of war aims in his famous 14 points 1. Open covenant of peace,openly arrived at and Abolition of secret diplomacy 2. Absolute freedom of navigation at sea, outside territorial waters in peace and war except by international action. 3. Removal of eco barriers and establishment of equal trade conditions 4. Reduction in national armaments to the point only needed for domestic security 5. Free,open minded and impartial adjustment of all colonial claims 6. Evacuation of all russia territory and allowing its to politically develop in acc with her own national policy 7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium 8. Same for france and return of alsace and Lorraine to it. 9. Readjustment of italian frontiers along clear line of nationality 10. Freest opportunity of autonomous devt for people of austria-hungary 11. Evacuation and restoration of romania,serbia and montenegro and free access to sea for serbia 12. Autonomous devt of the non turkish possessions of the sultan 13. Resurrection of independent polan with access to sea. 14. Formation of a general association of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of pol independence and territorial integrity to small n great alike. These were accepted but not followed by the european nations of the peace conference and were later rejected by the american senate after woodrow wilson lost his popularity and presented them befre the senate. Paris peace conference Fightin in WW1 ended with complete surrender of germany in nov,1918. Representatives of allied and associated powers assembled at paris on 18 jan 1919 to draw a new map of europe and the world. Selection of paris as venue unfortunate decision. It was done to take revenge from germany for the french humiliation at the hall of mirrors in versailles aftr the french defeat in the franco-prussian war. The conference was a victors club as none of the leaders of the defeated countries attended it as they were allowed no say in the conference. The conference was dominated by 4 leaders- woodrow wilson, PM lloyd george of britain, PM of france george celemnceau, italian PM vittorio orlando. It was at this conference that the treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending WW1 on 28th july 1919. Provisions of treaty of versailles 1. Territorial provisions territorial changes in respect of germany. †¢alsace and lorraine returned to france †¢eupene,malmady and mernet given to belgium east germany given to posen †¢ Parts of west prussia and silesia to poland. Poland given access to to sea at the cost of german by way of corridor in west prussia. †¢port memel and hinterland taken away but fate undecided. Later given to lithuania. †¢coal mining area of saar demanded by france by nt given to france. Only under temporary control of france. Aftr 15 years- plebiscite conducted whether saar wants to go to germany, france or remain with league of nations †¢ Ausrtia-hungary broken up into small states. New austria small ger speaking landlocked state. Due to fears of france, germany and austria prevented from uniting without permission of league of nations of which france was permanent member. †¢small german territory also given to czechoslovakia. †¢germany also lost all colonies which were taken up by other powers of league of nations. 2. Economic provisions of reparation. †¢War indemnity cudnt be imposed on germany because a)cost of war borne by allies impossible to return for germany b)woodrow wilson against war indemnity since war cost werent only borne by allies but also by defeated powers. so allies demanded compensation for indiscriminate bombing and loss of lives at the hands of germany †¢no payable amount was fixed. A reparation commission set up to determine the extent of civilian losses keeping in mind germanys capacity to pay back. †¢germany was to gives horses and cattle to france n belgium and coal to france,belgium n italy. It was to surrender it submarine telegraph cables to allies and surr ender all merchant ships more than 1600 tonnes. †¢default on part of germany was punishable by allies †¢customs union between Luxembourg and germany abolished to end german control over luxembourg economy. repartion commission submitted its report in april 1921 and total amount payable by germany was 6,600,000,000 pounds. †¢germany ws to giv trade facilities of certain commodities to allies. Acces to sea to Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. †¢german rivers and canal internationalised. 3. Disarmament †¢principle of reduction of arms incorporated in covenant of league. But it was not followed by allied powers. There were severe disarmament provisions for germany that made her a military cripple †¢army limited to 100,000 troops and 4000 officers. Recruitment only voluntarily. †¢navy limited to 6 battle ships,6 light cruisers,12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats. No submarines. Strength of navy only 15000 men and 1500 officers. War ships in excess were to be dismantled. †¢debarred from having an air force and naval aircrafts. †¢german general staff abolished. Allied control commission set up to supervise enforce of these clauses. Set up ws to be funded by germany again. 4. War and guilt crimes †¢germany declared solely responsible for war by article 231 of treaty. german emporer kaiser william II was found guilty of violation of treaties and international law. He sought asylum in netherlands who refused to hand him over to allies for a trial. †¢german people could never accept that their country alone was responsible for the war. 5. Provisions regarding international organisation †¢1st part of treaty provided for the establishment of a world organisation to be known as league of nations. †¢ Its constitution,called covenant, was adopted at the paris conference and included all peace treaties. It was to consist of an assembly,council and secretariat. †¢ A permanent court of international justice and international labour organisation was to be set up. †¢ These bodies were meant to maintain peace,settle international disputes peacefully,punish countries who may break the covenant and improve social and economic life all over the world. The guarantees of the enforcement of the treat were written in part XIV according to which until successful execution of the treaty the entire Rhineland(west of rhine with bridgeheads) would be occupied by allied powers. Germany was ultimately reduced from a world power to an insignificant small power. She was forced to give up monarchy and accept democracy which was something the country wasnt prepared for. The treaty was so humiliating that the german had sworn revenge for it. The seeds for WW2 had been sown. Hitler later exploited this situation and imposed dictatorship in 1933 and began rearmament under the excuse that the allies had not reduced their armaments. This led to another arms race,violation of the treaty and eventually culminated in the second world war. Other treaties †¢treaty of st. ermain with austria on the model of treaty of versailles with excpetion of the reparation clause. †¢treaty of neuilly with bulgaria †¢treaty of tianon with hungary †¢treaties of sevres and luasanne with defeated turkey to separate its constituents and reduce military capacity and pay reparation Fall of Ottoman empire Its fall during the war created many newly independent middle eastern nation states which were quickly taken over by britain france etc. Economic depression The end of the war also caused a temporary economic bubble which soon popped and led to the great depression.